Ailing automakers look to save costs of developing powertrains
Bryce G. Hoffman / The Detroit News
General Motors Corp. and Ford Motor Co. are discussing a possible
collaboration to develop new engines and other powertrain technologies,
according to sources at both companies.
The rival automakers
are keen to find ways to reduce research-and-development costs even as
they struggle to respond to a dramatic shift in consumer demand from
big trucks and sport utility vehicles toward smaller, more economical
cars and crossovers.
A deal could give Ford access to GM's Volt
technology -- if it becomes commercially viable. It could also help GM
offset cuts to its product development budget.
GM first approached Ford more than a month ago, two sources familiar
with the situation said. GM told Ford that it was willing to discuss a
wide range of possible collaborations.
GM's overture drew a
mixed reaction inside Ford. Some executives felt that previous joint
projects had benefited GM more than they had Ford, but others --
including Ford's global product development chief, Derrick Kuzak -- saw
it as an opportunity to leverage some of GM's technology while at the
same time reducing Ford's own development costs.
The matter went to Ford's board of directors last month, which voted to authorize negotiations with GM.
Since
then, there have been at least three meetings between the two companies
involving Barb Samardzich, Ford's head of powertrain operations, and
her counterpart at GM. No agreements have been reached, but the talks
were characterized as promising.
Neither company would confirm
or deny the reports. GM spokesman Tom Wilkinson said his company does
"not comment on speculation about future products or product
development."
Ford spokesman Said Deep said Ford is
concentrating on bringing its fuel-efficient European platforms to
North America, but did not rule out working with another manufacturer.
"Our
focus and greatest opportunity is to create 'One Ford,' and we're doing
that leveraging our own global assets," he said. "(But) we're always
open to talking to others in the industry. Beyond that, we're not going
to comment."
Success worth replicating
Powertrains are the logical focus of any collaboration, say insiders in both companies.
Engines
and transmissions represent a huge portion of the development cost of a
new car or truck, yet they are not immediately obvious to the consumer
in the way that a new navigation system or body design is. Developing
an entirely new engine can cost $1 billion. Splitting those costs with
another car company can save an automaker $500 million. A new
transmission can easily cost $800 million -- or $400 million if the
development costs are split.
Moreover, the onboard computers
that control these components have a lot to do with how they operate,
controlling things like shift timing and acceleration. Each automaker
could create distinctive driving experiences using the same underlying
components.
Such a move would not be unprecedented.
Ford
and GM successfully collaborated on the development of a fuel-saving
six-speed transmission that is rapidly becoming the backbone of both
companies' powertrain lineup. Kuzak has pointed to the success of that
program internally as something worth replicating.
Word of a
possible collaboration between GM and Ford came as little surprise to
analyst Jim Hall of 2953 Analytics LLP. Following the completion of the
six-speed transmission tie-up two years ago, he gave GM CEO Rick
Wagoner and other senior executives a presentation demonstrating the
benefits of working with Ford on other powertrain technologies. He
remains convinced that it represents a real opportunity for both
companies to control research-and-development costs while accelerating
the introduction of new, more fuel-efficient cars and trucks.
"The transmission deal has worked well for both companies," Hall said. "I told them, 'Don't stop there.'"
He
said GM is ahead of Ford on four-cylinder engine development, but added
that GM could learn a lot from Ford about combining turbo-charging and
direct injection -- the technologies behind its EcoBoost technology,
which promises to deliver more power and better fuel economy.
Electric technology useful
Then there is Volt, GM's promised vehicle that runs primarily on electricity.
While
it remains to be seen whether GM will succeed in bringing it to market,
Ford is reportedly keen on getting access to the technology if it does.
And Hall said that is something GM should welcome.
"I would think that would be part of it and, if GM is smart, they will proliferate Volt technology," he said.
Doing
so would provide GM with much needed revenue while at the same time
reducing its own piece-cost for Volt components. It would be a way for
GM to create economies of scale not possible with its own products
alone, and would ultimately reduce the cost of such technology for
consumers.
"Ford has more experience in getting the costs down, and that could really help GM," Hall said.
You can reach Bryce Hoffman at (313) 222-2443 or bhoffman@detnews.com.
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